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1829 197,815 +6.1% The growth of the city is influenced by the geography of the city most notably the Toronto ravine system and the Greenbelt a permanently protected area of green space farmland forests wetlands and watersheds within the Golden Horseshoe the natural geography of the city also provided builders with a variety of resources to build from the most abundant raw material was the shale layer underlying the city as well as the abundance of clay making brick an especially cheap and available material and resulting in many of the city's buildings being built from brick Contents! . Leo Baeck Day School Metropolitan Preparatory Academy, In 2011 the most commonly reported religion in Toronto was Christianity adhered to by 54.1% of the population a plurality 28.2% of the city's population was Catholic followed by Protestants (11.9%) Christian Orthodox (4.3%) and members of other Christian denominations (9.7%) Other religions significantly practised in the city are Islam (8.2%) Hinduism (5.6%) Judaism (3.8%) Buddhism (2.7%) and Sikhism (0.8%) Those with no religious affiliation made up 24.2% of Toronto's population Language!

. 8.2 Notable residents Battle of Lundy's Lane 25 July 1814, 1994 65 Depiction of the Battle of Queenston Heights during the War of 1812 Upper Canada was an active theatre of operation during the conflict American troops in the War of 1812 invaded Upper Canada across the Niagara River and the Detroit River but were defeated and pushed back by the British Canadian fencibles and militias and First Nations warriors However the Americans eventually gained control of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario the 1813 Battle of York saw American troops defeat the garrison at the Upper Canada capital of York the Americans looted the town and burned the Upper Canada Parliament Buildings during their brief occupation the British would burn the American capital of Washington D.C in 1814 After the War of 1812 relative stability allowed for increasing numbers of immigrants to arrive from Europe rather than from the United States as was the case in the previous decades this immigration shift was encouraged by the colonial leaders Despite affordable and often free land many arriving newcomers mostly from Britain and Ireland found frontier life with the harsh climate difficult and some of those with the means eventually returned home or went south However population growth far exceeded emigration in the following decades it was a mostly agrarian-based society but canal projects and a new network of plank roads spurred greater trade within the colony and with the United States thereby improving previously damaged relations over time Meanwhile Ontario's numerous waterways aided travel and transportation into the interior and supplied water power for development As the population increased so did the industries and transportation networks which in turn led to further development By the end of the century Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population industry arts and communications In 1837 an armed insurrection was fought in the colony before being crushed by British authorities and Canadian volunteer units Unrest in the colony began to chafe against the aristocratic Family Compact who governed while benefiting economically from the region's resources and who did not allow elected bodies power This resentment spurred republican ideals and sowed the seeds for early Canadian nationalism Accordingly rebellion in favour of responsible government rose in both regions; Louis-Joseph Papineau led the Lower Canada Rebellion and William Lyon Mackenzie first Toronto mayor, led the Upper Canada Rebellion in Upper Canada the rebellion was quickly a failure William Lyon Mackenzie escaped to the United States where he declared the Republic of Canada on Navy Island on the Niagara River Canada West.