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. . ! Before 1900 Home arenas, 4 Commercial architecture Other 334.5 315.5 379.8 507.3 969.5 2,506.6 15 Defender Eriq Zavaleta United States. Oakville Nearly all of Lake Ontario's islands are on the eastern and north-eastern shores between the Prince Edward County headland and the lake's outlet at Kingston the Toronto Islands on the north-western shore are the remnants of a sand spit formed by coastal erosion whereas the mostly larger eastern islands are underlain by the basement rock found throughout the region the largest island is Wolfe Island at the east end of the lake It is accessible by ferry from both Canada and the U.S Toronto Islands. . . .

. Municipal politics No religious affiliation 2,927,790 23.1, 2 Stadium Environmental policy and administrative management 49.6 63.4 70.9 95.4 122.0 401.3, 22 Midfielder Richie Laryea Canada. The University of Toronto which was established in 1827 is the largest higher education institution in Canada Building shown is 1 Spadina Crescent The Greater Toronto Area is home to five publicly funded universities some of which are well known and respected throughout the world. There also are eleven private religious universities spread throughout the GTA the five public degree-granting institutions are:, Until 1763 most of Ontario was considered part of New France by French claim Rupert's Land defined as the drainage basin of Hudson Bay was claimed by Britain and included much of today's Northern Ontario the British defeated the armies of the French colony and its indigenous allies in the French and Indian War part of the Seven Years' War global conflict Concluding the war the peace treaty between the European powers known as the Treaty of Paris 1763 assigned almost all of France's possessions in North America to Britain including parts that would later become Ontario not already part of Rupert's Land Britain established the first Province of Quebec encompassing contemporary Quebec and southern Ontario After the American War of Independence the first reserves for First Nations were established These are situated at Six Nations (1784) Tyendinaga (1793) and Akwesasne (1795) Six Nations and Tyendinaga were established by the British for those indigenous groups who had fought on the side of the British and were expelled from the new United States Akwesasne was a pre-existing Mohawk community and its borders were formalized under the 1795 Jay Treaty In 1788 while part of the Province of Quebec southern Ontario was divided into four districts: Hesse Lunenburg Mecklenburg and Nassau in 1792 the four districts were renamed: Hesse became the Western District Lunenburg became the Eastern District Mecklenburg became the Midland District and Nassau became the Home District Counties were created within the districts By 1798 there were eight districts: Eastern Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara and Western by 1826 there were eleven districts: Bathurst Eastern Gore Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa and Western by 1838 there were twenty districts: Bathurst Brock Colbourne Dalhousie Eastern Gore Home Huron Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa Prince Edward Simcoe Talbot Victoria Wellington and Western In 1849 the districts of southern Ontario were abolished by the Province of Canada and county governments took over certain municipal responsibilities the Province of Canada also began creating districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858 When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast with vast territories in the interior it grew by adding British Columbia in 1871 P.E.I in 1873 the British Arctic Islands in 1880 and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories Evolution of the borders of Ontario since Canadian Confederation in 1867 The borders of Ontario its new name in 1867 were provisionally expanded north and west When the Province of Canada was formed its borders were not entirely clear and Ontario claimed eventually to reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders especially since some of the new areas in which it was interested were rapidly growing After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area the province asked for an elaboration on its limits and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Canadian Confederation Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma Manitoulin Muskoka Nipissing Parry Sound Rainy River and Thunder Bay Four more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1912: Cochrane Kenora Sudbury and Timiskaming Demographics, The construction of Union Station in 1858 dramatically increased commerce as well as the number of immigrants Toronto grew rapidly in the late 19th century the population increasing from 30,000 in 1851 to 56,000 in 1871 86,400 in 1881 and 181,000 in 1891 the total urbanized population was not counted as it is today to include the greater area those just outside the city limits made for a significantly higher population the 1891 figure also included population counted after recent annexations of many smaller adjacent towns such as Parkdale Brockton Village West Toronto East Toronto and others Immigration high birth rates and influx from the surrounding rural population accounted for much of this growth although immigration had slowed substantially by the 1880s if compared to the generation prior Rail lines came to the waterfront harbour area in the 1850s a planned "Esplanade" land-fill project to create a promenade along the harbour instead became a new right-of-way for the rail lines which extended to new wharves on the harbour Three railway companies built lines to Toronto: the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) the Great Western Railway and Northern Railway of Canada the GTR built the first Union Station in 1858 in the downtown area the advent of the railway dramatically increased the numbers of immigrants arriving and commerce as had the Lake Ontario steamers and schooners entering the port the railway lands would dominate the central waterfront for the next 100 years in 1873 GTR built a second Union Station at the same location Horse-drawn streetcars were first installed in the city in 1861 the system continued to expand into the present-day Toronto streetcar system New rail transportation networks were built in Toronto including an extensive streetcar network in the city (still operational) plus long-distance railways and radial lines One radial line ran mostly along Yonge Street for about 80 km to Lake Simcoe and allowed day trips to its beaches At the time Toronto's own beaches were far too polluted to use largely a side effect of dumping garbage directly in the lake Other radial lines connected to suburbs As the city grew it became bounded by the Humber River to the west and the Don River to the east Several smaller rivers and creeks in the downtown area were routed into culverts and sewers and the land filled in above them including both Garrison Creek and Taddle Creek the latter running through the University of Toronto Much of Castle Frank Brook became covered during this time At the time they were being used as open sewers and were becoming a serious health problem the re-configuration of the Don River mouth to make a ship channel and lakeshore reclamation project occurred in the 1880s again largely driven by sanitary concerns and establishing effective port commerce Toronto had two medical schools both independent: Trinity Medical School and the Toronto School of Medicine (TSM) During the 1880s the TSM added instructors expanded its curriculum and focused on clinical instruction Enrollments grew at both schools Critics found proprietary schools lacking especially for their failure to offer sufficient instruction in the basic sciences in 1887 the TSM became the medical faculty of the University of Toronto increasing its emphasis on research within the medical curriculum Trinity realized that its survival depended as well on close ties to basic science and in 1904 it also merged into the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Crystal Palace hosted the first Toronto Industrial Exhibition in 1879 the event later grew to become the Canadian National Exhibition Toronto modernized and professionalized its public services in the late 19th and early 20th centuries No service was changed more dramatically than the Toronto Police the introduction of emergency telephone call boxes linked to a central dispatcher plus bicycles motorcycles and automobiles shifted the patrolman's duties from passively walking the beat to fast reaction to reported incidents as well as handling automobile traffic. After the Great Fire of 1849 Toronto improved its fire code This was followed by an expansion of the fire services and the eventual formation of Toronto Fire Services in 1874 In 1879 the first Toronto Industrial Exhibition was held a provincial Agricultural Fair was held in Ontario on a rotating basis since the 1850s and after Toronto held the 1878 exhibition at King and Shaw streets it wanted to hold the fair again the request was turned down and the Industrial Exhibition was organized the City arranged a lease of the garrison commons and moved its Crystal Palace building to the site Eventually the garrison commons became taken over by the Exhibition and the annual exhibition continues today as the Canadian National Exhibition the grounds became Exhibition Place and hold sports venues exhibition venues trade and convention space used year-round Immigration. 360-degree panorama of Toronto as seen from the CN Tower in 2008 Lake Ontario and the Toronto Islands is in the centre background Architecture, Battle of Fort George 27 May 1813 62 -1-7. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans the region was inhabited by Algonquian (Ojibwe Cree and Algonquin) in the northern/western portions and Iroquois and Wyandot (Huron) people more in the south/east. During the 17th century the Algonquians and Hurons fought the Beaver Wars against the Iroquois European contact. Katherine Gray - artist, Four Seasons Hotel and Residences in Yorkville Toronto, Many other battles were fought in American territory bordering Upper Canada including the Northwest Territory (most in modern-day Michigan) upstate New York and naval battles in the Great Lakes The Treaty of Ghent (ratified in 1815) ended the war and restored the status quo ante bellum 1837 Rebellion and Patriot War. Thanks to its vast hinterland Toronto designers have had access to a wide array of raw materials for construction Due to the clay sediments of the former lake bed that Toronto is built upon and but more prominently the shale layer underlying this area of North America brick has been an especially cheap and available material for almost the city's entire history Much of it was provided by the Don Valley Brick Works Domtar's brick division Canada Brick and Brampton Brick whose output can still be found in thousands of structures across the city and throughout the surrounding regions Throughout the city most homes from all eras are made of brick Commercial and industrial builders also long embraced brick with the Distillery District being a prominent example though today more efficient materials such as cinder blocks are more common for commercial projects Prominent landmarks have also gone to greater expense and generally eschewed simple brick Older banks and government buildings used stone and modern attempts to marvel have embraced modern materials such as concrete and aluminum in addition to extensive glazing Even today the overwhelming bulk of residential buildings constructed in Toronto are clad in brick Sandstone was also historically a readily available building material with large deposits quarried from the Credit River valley More expensive than brick but more ornate it was used for many early landmarks such as the Ontario Legislature Old City Hall and Victoria College It is also the main material used in the unique Annex style house Industrial architecture.