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. . . Other 202,945 2.2% This article needs to be updated Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information (August 2018), 3 Vehicles most frequently stolen Ottawa 774,072 812,129 883,391 934,243 Caledon Green tick Green tick. . 6.1 Retired numbers Toronto (The Annex) 27/18 80/64 -1/-7 30/20, The Faculty of Arts comprises eleven humanities and social science departments (as of Winter 2018) and plays a unique dual role in the university the faculty offers:! 7 See also The Normal School in 2008, 7.1.2 Welland Canal 10 Further reading, There are presently 12 public English first language school boards and two French first language school boards operating within the GTA Seven of these school boards operate secular schools whereas the other seven operate separate schools; the seven separate school boards in the Greater Toronto Area all serve the Roman Catholic faith in addition to public schools there are also a number of private schools that operate within Greater Toronto Three of these GTA-based school boards also manage institutions outside Greater Toronto the two French first language school boards based in Toronto as well as the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board (DPCDSB) the Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir operates French separate schools throughout the Greater Golden Horseshoe whereas the Conseil scolaire Viamonde operates French secular schools throughout the Ontario Peninsula the DPCDSB maintains English first language separate schools in Peel Region and in Dufferin County a county adjacent to the GTA Conversely English first language schools in Clarington a municipality within Durham Region are managed by school boards based outside the GTA in Clarington Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board manages public English secular schools while the Peterborough Victoria Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board manages public English separate schools School boards in the Greater Toronto Area. Development of the Great Lakes following the end of the Last Glacial Period the first human settlers arrived in the area 11,000 to 10,500 years ago as the glaciers retreated from the area Toronto remained under glacial ice throughout the Last Glacial Period with the glacial ice retreating from the area during the Late Glacial warming period approximately 13,000 BCE Following the Last Glacial Period Toronto's waterfront shifted with the growth and later contraction of glacial Lake Iroquois the area saw its first human settlers around 9000 BCE to 8,500 BCE These settlers traversed large distances in family-sized bands sustaining themselves on caribou mammoths mastodons and smaller animals in the tundra and Boreal forest. Many of their archaeological remains lie in present-day Lake Ontario with the historic coastline of Lake Iroquois situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Toronto during this period As the climate warmed in 6,000 BCE the environment of Toronto shifted to a temperate climate the Toronto waterfront also changed dramatically during this period with erosion from the Scarborough Bluffs accumulating and rising water levels from Lake Ontario creating a peninsula that would later become the Toronto Islands First Nations settlements.

7 Broadcasting There are a number of public transportation operators within the Greater Toronto Area providing services within their jurisdictions While these operators are largely independent provisions are being made to integrate them under Metrolinx which manages transportation planning including public transport in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. GO Transit which merged with Metrolinx during the late 2000s is Ontario's only intra-regional public transit service linking the communities in the GTA and the city of Hamilton as well as the rest of the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Implementation of a 'Presto card' by Metrolinx has created a common means for all fare payments and allows for seamless connection between these and other transit operators Public transit operators in the GTA include Brampton Transit Burlington Transit Durham Region Transit GO Transit Milton Transit MiWay (serving Mississauga) Oakville Transit Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) and York Region Transit the TTC operates the Toronto subway system which runs in Toronto and in Vaughan the latter of which began to be served by the system in December 2017 with an extension of Line 1 to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station Highway 401 serves as a major roadway in the Greater Toronto Area The GTA also consists number of King's Highways and supplemented by municipal expressways One of the most principal highways in the GTA Highway 401 is also the longest in Ontario and is also one of the busiest highways in the world. Notably a segment of the highway passing through the GTA holds the distinction of being North America's busiest highway the GTA is laced with a number of limited-access highways including the 400-series highways These include:! . .