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Main article: Public transportation in Toronto Main article: United Empire Loyalist Main article: Ryerson University Library Streetcar operated by the Toronto Railway Company c 1895. . Although most youth gang members are male mixed-gender and female youth gangs also exist. Youth from lower-income families are more likely to self-identify as gang members, but membership cuts across lower middle and upper income categories. One study found that although Black South Asian and Hispanic youth in Toronto are more likely to report gang activity than youth of other ethnicities 27% of criminal youth gang members self-identify as white (followed by 23% Black 3% Aboriginal 18% South Asian 17% Asian 5% Middle Eastern and 7% Hispanic) a correlation has not been found between youth gang membership and immigration status. Gang-involved youth commonly report a history of abuse and/or neglect poverty dysfunctional families isolation school failure and other psychosocial issues Community and police response!

! 2.2 Rivalries 3.1 Research The term "Greater Toronto" was first used in writing as early as the 1900s although at the time the term only referred to the old City of Toronto and its immediate townships and villages which became Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 and became the current city of Toronto in 1998 the use of the term involving the four regional municipalities came into formal use in the mid-1980s after it was used in a widely discussed report on municipal governance restructuring in the region and was later made official as a provincial planning area However it did not come into everyday usage until the mid- to late 1990s In 2006 the term began to be supplanted in the field of spatial planning as provincial policy increasingly began to refer to either the "Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area" (GTHA)[a] or the still-broader "Greater Golden Horseshoe" the latter includes communities like Barrie Guelph Kitchener-Waterloo Cambridge and the Niagara Region the GTA continues however to be in official use elsewhere in the Government of Ontario such as the Ministry of Finance Census metropolitan area, Until 1763 most of Ontario was considered part of New France by French claim Rupert's Land defined as the drainage basin of Hudson Bay was claimed by Britain and included much of today's Northern Ontario the British defeated the armies of the French colony and its indigenous allies in the French and Indian War part of the Seven Years' War global conflict Concluding the war the peace treaty between the European powers known as the Treaty of Paris 1763 assigned almost all of France's possessions in North America to Britain including parts that would later become Ontario not already part of Rupert's Land Britain established the first Province of Quebec encompassing contemporary Quebec and southern Ontario After the American War of Independence the first reserves for First Nations were established These are situated at Six Nations (1784) Tyendinaga (1793) and Akwesasne (1795) Six Nations and Tyendinaga were established by the British for those indigenous groups who had fought on the side of the British and were expelled from the new United States Akwesasne was a pre-existing Mohawk community and its borders were formalized under the 1795 Jay Treaty In 1788 while part of the Province of Quebec southern Ontario was divided into four districts: Hesse Lunenburg Mecklenburg and Nassau in 1792 the four districts were renamed: Hesse became the Western District Lunenburg became the Eastern District Mecklenburg became the Midland District and Nassau became the Home District Counties were created within the districts By 1798 there were eight districts: Eastern Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara and Western by 1826 there were eleven districts: Bathurst Eastern Gore Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa and Western by 1838 there were twenty districts: Bathurst Brock Colbourne Dalhousie Eastern Gore Home Huron Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa Prince Edward Simcoe Talbot Victoria Wellington and Western In 1849 the districts of southern Ontario were abolished by the Province of Canada and county governments took over certain municipal responsibilities the Province of Canada also began creating districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858 When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast with vast territories in the interior it grew by adding British Columbia in 1871 P.E.I in 1873 the British Arctic Islands in 1880 and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories Evolution of the borders of Ontario since Canadian Confederation in 1867 The borders of Ontario its new name in 1867 were provisionally expanded north and west When the Province of Canada was formed its borders were not entirely clear and Ontario claimed eventually to reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders especially since some of the new areas in which it was interested were rapidly growing After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area the province asked for an elaboration on its limits and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Canadian Confederation Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma Manitoulin Muskoka Nipissing Parry Sound Rainy River and Thunder Bay Four more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1912: Cochrane Kenora Sudbury and Timiskaming Demographics, Completed in 1927 Princes' Gates is a neoclassical triumphal arch The most prominent landmark in Toronto and its best known symbol is the CN Tower it was the world's tallest free-standing structure for 31 years from its completion in 1975 until Burj Khalifa in Dubai United Arab Emirates surpassed it in 2007; it remains the tallest free-standing tower in the Western Hemisphere the CN Tower is used as an observation tower as well as a communications tower Another landmark structure is Casa Loma Constructed by E J Lennox during the early 1910s it is a Gothic revival-style castle located on Walmer and Davenport roads it was originally the residence of Sir Henry Pellatt a Canadian financier and soldier the city later took over the castle when Pellatt could no longer afford to keep it the building presently operates as a museum The Princes' Gates is a neoclassical style triumphal arch monumental gateway at Exhibition Place it was built to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Canadian Confederation and was to be named the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation Gates the structure's name was changed when it was learned that Edward Prince of Wales and Prince George were travelling to Toronto the princes cut the ribbon on the structure on August 30 1927 Prince's Gate was designed local architectural firm Chapman and Oxley The Rouge River and its valley at Rouge National Urban Park the Rouge Valley is one of many hills and valleys in the area that was carved out during the last glacial period Main article: Toronto ravine system! Acres 13,953,009 13,470,652 13,879,565 13,507,358 13,310,217, Main articles: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Reform Movement (Upper Canada), The Saint Lawrence Seaway which extends across most of the southern portion of the province and connects to the Atlantic Ocean is the primary water transportation route for cargo particularly iron ore and grain in the past the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River were also a major passenger transportation route but over the past half century passenger travel has been reduced to ferry services and sightseeing cruises Railways. Toronto Ontario Canada Business directory Forge FC Hamilton CPL Soccer.