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Associated Hebrew Schools, 1 Methods 1825 157,923 +5.2% Catholics 65,203, Canadian student 96.7% 90.2% Associated Hebrew Schools 85 2113. ; . .

3.2 Since 1900, BMO Field in 2016, Although most youth gang members are male mixed-gender and female youth gangs also exist. Youth from lower-income families are more likely to self-identify as gang members, but membership cuts across lower middle and upper income categories. One study found that although Black South Asian and Hispanic youth in Toronto are more likely to report gang activity than youth of other ethnicities 27% of criminal youth gang members self-identify as white (followed by 23% Black 3% Aboriginal 18% South Asian 17% Asian 5% Middle Eastern and 7% Hispanic) a correlation has not been found between youth gang membership and immigration status. Gang-involved youth commonly report a history of abuse and/or neglect poverty dysfunctional families isolation school failure and other psychosocial issues Community and police response! ! Source: Statistics Canada website Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871 See United Province of Canada for population after 1840 Ethnic groups. . Source: Environment Canada The earliest Presbyterian ministers in Upper Canada came from various denominations based in Scotland Ireland and the United States the "Presbytery of the Canadas" was formed in 1818 primarily by Scottish Associate Presbyterian missionaries yet independently of their mother denomination in the hope of including Presbyterian ministers of all stripes in Upper and Lower Canada Although successfully including members from Irish Associate and American Presbyterian and Reformed denominations the growing group of missionaries belonging to the Church of Scotland remained separate Instead in 1831 they formed their own "Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in Connection with the Established Church of Scotland" That same year the "Presbytery of the Canadas" having grown and been re-organized became the "United Synod of Upper Canada" in its continued pursuit for Presbyterian unity (and a share of government funding from the Clergy Reserves for established churches) the United Synod sought a union with the Church of Scotland synod which it finally joined in 1840 However some ministers had left the United Synod prior to this merger (including notably Rev James Harris Rev William Jenkins and Rev Daniel Eastman) in the 1832 new Secessionist missionaries began to arrive belonging to "The United Associate Synod in Scotland" (after 1847 the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland) Committed to the voluntarist principle of rejecting government funding they decided against joining the "United Synod of Upper Canada" and on Christmas Day 1834 formed the "Missionary Presbytery of the Canadas" Although this new presbytery was formed at Rev James Harris's church in Toronto he and his congregation remained independent from it However the voluntarist Rev Jenkins and his congregation in Richmond Hill joined the Missionary Presbytery a few years later Rev Eastman had left the United Synod in 1833 to form the "Niagara Presbytery" of the Presbyterian Church in the USA After this presbytery dissolved following the Rebellion of 1837 he rejoined the United Synod which then joined the Church of Scotland Outside of these four Presbyterian denominations only two others gained a foothold in the province the small "Stamford Presbytery" of the American Secessionist tradition was formed in 1835 in the Niagara region and the Scottish Reformed Presbyterian or "Covenanter" tradition was represented in the province to an even lesser extent Despite the numerous denominations by the late 1830s the Church of Scotland was the main expression of Presbyterianism in Upper Canada Mennonites Tunkers Quakers and Children of Peace! Main article: Line 5 Eglinton Jesse Ketchum School (1858) Toronto Ontario Canada Business directory In November 2005 Professor Arne Kislenko won TVOntario's first Best Lecturer Series in 2006 Ryerson University had two professors in the semi-finals for TVO's second Best Lecturer Competition Philosophy professor Dr James Cunningham and radio and television arts professor Dana Lee were semi-finalists in 2006 Greg Inwood professor in the department of Politics and Public Administration was awarded the prestigious Donald Smiley Prize for his book Continentalizing Canada: the Politics and Legacy of the Macdonald Royal Commission Criminal justice history and international relations professor Peter Vronsky published Serial Killers: the Method and Madness of Monsters (2004) a bestselling history of serial homicide and more recently a controversial history of Canada's first modern battle Ridgeway: the American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada (2011) Several factors affect citizens' health in Toronto The city has many opportunities for citizens to be physically active including bike lanes walkways and parks throughout the city Given the cultural diversity of the city there is also great diversity in the foods that citizens can consume which determines their personal nutrition Many foods for example enter the city through the Ontario Food Terminal located on the west side the city is also part of the Toronto Public Health Division and is home to many hospitals Other factors affecting health in the city include air quality in regard to smog Smog alerts are issued by Toronto Public Health when the air quality is poor enough to warrant informing some segments of the public to limit their exposure to the smog such as children the elderly and people with lung diseases or heart conditions the best and worst years for smog in the city within the last five years were respectively 2006 with 11 smog alerts and 2005 with 48 smog alerts Another risk to health for citizens is exposure to crime in the city Toronto has a rate of violent crime of 738 incidents per 100,000 people though this is still lower than the national average of 951 according to 2006 Statistics Canada data and far lower than other cities of comparable size (particularly those in the United States) A vehicle emissions testing program known as Ontario's Drive Clean began in 1999 and has had a minimal impact on smog in Toronto 2005 was Toronto's worst year on record for smog with a total of 48 smog alert days the Ontario Medical Association estimated in 2005 that total air pollution (from all sources) would cause some 5,800 deaths and 17,000 hospital admissions that year.[citation needed].