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. 3.2 Home arenas and practice facilities Source: Environment Canada 11 References See also: List of Toronto Maple Leafs broadcasters; . .

. Integrity Commissioner 6.2.2 Bank of Upper Canada See also: Energy policy of Canada Renewable energy in Canada and Smart grid. 12.2 Notes Team history St Catharines-Niagara 406,074 4 Late 1990s. . Hamilton CMA (Burlington Grimsby) 662,401 692,911 721,053 747,545 3.7 See also: Boat building industry in Ontario! 7 Transportation architecture 1.1 Expansion 2.1 Topography Ninety-two per cent of the land in the province inhabited by about 35% of the population is under provincial administration and has no local elected representation the 51% of the province that is Crown land is administered by the Department of Energy and Resource Development Most of the province is administrated as a local service district (LSD) an unincorporated unit of local governance as of 2017 there are 237 LSDs Services paid for by property taxes include a variety of services such as fire protection solid waste management street lighting and dog regulation LSDs may elect advisory committees and work with the Department of Local Government to recommend how to spend locally collected taxes In 2006 there were three rural communities This is a relatively new entity; to be created it requires a population of 3,000 and a tax base of $200 million in 2006 there were 101 municipalities Regional Service Commissions which number 12 were introduced in 2013 to regulate regional planning and solid waste disposal and provide a forum for discussion on a regional level of police and emergency services climate change adaptation planning and regional sport recreational and cultural facilities the commissions' administrative councils are populated by the mayors of each municipality or rural community within a region Historically the province was divided into counties with elected governance but this was abolished in 1966 These were subdivided into 152 parishes which also lost their political significance in 1966 but are still used as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada Provincial finances. . 10 Canada West Criminology Depiction of the Battle of Queenston Heights during the War of 1812 Upper Canada was an active theatre of operation during the conflict American troops in the War of 1812 invaded Upper Canada across the Niagara River and the Detroit River but were defeated and pushed back by the British Canadian fencibles and militias and First Nations warriors However the Americans eventually gained control of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario the 1813 Battle of York saw American troops defeat the garrison at the Upper Canada capital of York the Americans looted the town and burned the Upper Canada Parliament Buildings during their brief occupation the British would burn the American capital of Washington D.C in 1814 After the War of 1812 relative stability allowed for increasing numbers of immigrants to arrive from Europe rather than from the United States as was the case in the previous decades this immigration shift was encouraged by the colonial leaders Despite affordable and often free land many arriving newcomers mostly from Britain and Ireland found frontier life with the harsh climate difficult and some of those with the means eventually returned home or went south However population growth far exceeded emigration in the following decades it was a mostly agrarian-based society but canal projects and a new network of plank roads spurred greater trade within the colony and with the United States thereby improving previously damaged relations over time Meanwhile Ontario's numerous waterways aided travel and transportation into the interior and supplied water power for development As the population increased so did the industries and transportation networks which in turn led to further development By the end of the century Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population industry arts and communications In 1837 an armed insurrection was fought in the colony before being crushed by British authorities and Canadian volunteer units Unrest in the colony began to chafe against the aristocratic Family Compact who governed while benefiting economically from the region's resources and who did not allow elected bodies power This resentment spurred republican ideals and sowed the seeds for early Canadian nationalism Accordingly rebellion in favour of responsible government rose in both regions; Louis-Joseph Papineau led the Lower Canada Rebellion and William Lyon Mackenzie first Toronto mayor, led the Upper Canada Rebellion in Upper Canada the rebellion was quickly a failure William Lyon Mackenzie escaped to the United States where he declared the Republic of Canada on Navy Island on the Niagara River Canada West!