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. John St School (1855) First Nations fishing camps were established around the waterways of Toronto as early as 1,000 BCE by 500 CE up to 500 people lived along each of the three major rivers of Toronto (Don Humber and Rouge River). Early on First Nations communities had developed trails and water routes in the Toronto area These led from northern and western Canada to the Gulf of Mexico One trail known as the "Toronto Passage" followed the Humber River northward as an important overland shortcut between Lake Ontario and the upper Great Lakes A map of the region with Ganatsekwyagon and other areas highlighted along the Rouge Trail c 1673 Teiaiagon is shown west Ganatsekwyagon New crops including corn sunflowers and tobacco were introduced into the area from the south around 600 CE the introduction of these crops saw large societal shifts in the area; including a change in diet and the formation of semi-permanent villages in order to farm these crops. Inhabitants of these semi-permanent villages moved out during parts of the year to hunt fish and gather other goods to supplement their farming The earliest Iroquoian settlement in Toronto occurred around 900 CE. Iroquoian villages during this period were located on high fortified grounds with access to wetlands and waterways to facilitate hunting fishing trade and military operations. Iroquoian villages typically lasted a period of 10 to 20 years before its inhabitants relocated to a new site Several Huron villages dating back to the 1200s have been excavated in Toronto including a Huron ossuary in Scarborough From the 1300s to the 1500s the Iroquoian inhabitants of the area migrated north of Toronto joining the developing Huron confederacy. During this period the Huron confederacy used Toronto as a hinterland for hunting with the Toronto Passage continuing to see use as a north-south route Although Europeans did not visit Southern Ontario in the 16th century European goods had begun to make its way into the region as early as the late-1500s. During the 17th century nearly half of Southern Ontario's First Nations population was wiped out from as a result of the transmission of communicable diseases between Europeans and First Nations groups the population loss along with the desire to secure furs for trade saw the Iroquois Confederacy to the south defeat the Huron inhabitants of the area. Although some Huron refugees fled the area the majority were absorbed and eventually integrated into the Iroquois. After the Iroquois secured the Toronto area several Iroquois settlement of the north shore of Lake Ontario were established the Seneca (one of the five Iroquois nations) established two settlements in present day Toronto Teiaiagon near the Humber River and Ganatsekwyagon near the Rouge River the two communities provided the Iroquois control of the north-south passage in Toronto. Roman Catholic missionaries visited the two settlements in the 1660s and 1670s. However by 1687 the two settlements were abandoned by the Seneca In the 17th century the area was a crucial point for travel with the Humber and Rouge River providing a shortcut to the upper Great Lakes These routes were known as the Toronto Passage The Mississaugas arrived in the late 17th century driving out the occupying Iroquois and settling along the Lake Ontario shore including the Port Credit area Early European settlement, 20 Forward Ayo Akinola (HG) United States, See also: Toronto government debt; Toronto is home to several sports venues most notably the Rogers Centre the Scotiabank Arena and BMO Field which are all current venues the Maple Leaf Gardens is perhaps Toronto's best known former sporting venue as it was the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) for much of said team's history the Gardens were later converted to a grocery and liquor store for the first two floors respectively as well as clothing on the second floor and its upper floor a smaller arena the Mattamy Athletic Centre for the Ryerson Rams hockey team as well as for basketball matches in the 2015 Pan American Games Other sports venues in Toronto include the Coca-Cola Coliseum (formerly known as the Ricoh Coliseum) The Golden Horseshoe (including Toronto) saw construction of new venues for the 2015 Pan American Games and the 2015 Parapan American Games as well as renovations to existing venues Permanent venues constructed for the Pan American Games include Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre and the York Lions Stadium at York University Transportation architecture, 7 Government This section needs to be updated Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information (July 2012). Round of 16 United States Colorado Rapids This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message). 1981 8,625,107 +4.4% Bitchy the Hawk is a female Harris's hawk employed by BMO Field falconry staff to sit perched atop the field to ward off seagulls. Originally brought to work in 2007 to prevent seagulls from attacking patrons the hawk has become a fixture of BMO Field She has also been employed at Budweiser Stage in Ontario Place to the south to prevent seagulls from attacking concert-goers since the 1990s. While no official word has come from the club about her status she has been called the official mascot of the team Rivalries, 6 Attractions 10.1 Great Lakes in general The Crown reserves one seventh of all lands granted were to provide the provincial executive with an independent source of revenue not under the control of the elected Assembly the Clergy Reserves also one seventh of all lands granted in the province were created "for the support and maintenance of a Protestant clergy" in lieu of tithes the revenue from the lease of these lands was claimed by the Rev John Strachan on behalf of the Church of England These reserves were directly administered by the Crown; which in turn came under increasing political pressure from other Protestant bodies the Reserve lands were to be a focal point of dissent within the Legislative Assembly Land sale system. See also: History of neighbourhoods in Toronto and List of neighbourhoods in Toronto.

Battle of Lake Erie 10 September 1813. ! . Competitions Titles Seasons The Toronto Public School Board (TPSB) was created in 1847 to oversee elementary education in Toronto. However the date of creation of the board is also given as 1850 as this was when trustee elections under a ward system started. Legislation toward the creation of local public school boards began with the School Act of 1844 which stipulated municipal contributions toward the salaries of teachers the Toronto Public School Board continued to govern the city's elementary schools until 1904 when following a city referendum it was merged with the Collegiate Institute Board which oversaw the city's secondary schools and the Technical School Board which oversaw the Toronto Technical School to form the Toronto Board of Education Six trustees were appointed to the original 1847 board by the municipal council of Toronto to serve with the mayor the board was composed entirely of white men until the election of the first female trustee Augusta Stowe-Gullen in 1892 the board was created after the passage of the Common School Act of 1846 spearheaded by Egerton Ryerson architect of both publicly funded schooling and the residential school system the Act also called for the creation of a provincial normal school which would become the Toronto Normal School Prior to the 1846 Common School Act individual schools were governed by boards created under the Grammar School Act of 1807 and the Common Schools Act of 1816. Like all boards of education at the time the Toronto Public School Board was responsible for raising money to fund schools in addition to grants provided by the provincial government However they were not empowered to make these levies compulsory until the passage of the Common School Act in 1850 brought on in part by the closure of schools in Toronto in 1848 due to lack of funds. This act also allowed for the creation of separate schools boards in Ontario including racially segregated schools in Toronto the act allowed for the creation of a Catholic school board which would eventually become today's Toronto Catholic District School Board While elementary schooling across the province was not made free by law until 1871 the 1850 Common School Act allowed for individual boards to entirely fund their schools through public funds the Toronto Public School Board voted to do so in 1851 making elementary schooling in the city free Minutes from the first meetings of the Toronto Public School Board have been preserved by the Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives Schools of the Toronto Public School Board!