Red Metric Law

2 Finances Until 1763 most of Ontario was considered part of New France by French claim Rupert's Land defined as the drainage basin of Hudson Bay was claimed by Britain and included much of today's Northern Ontario the British defeated the armies of the French colony and its indigenous allies in the French and Indian War part of the Seven Years' War global conflict Concluding the war the peace treaty between the European powers known as the Treaty of Paris 1763 assigned almost all of France's possessions in North America to Britain including parts that would later become Ontario not already part of Rupert's Land Britain established the first Province of Quebec encompassing contemporary Quebec and southern Ontario After the American War of Independence the first reserves for First Nations were established These are situated at Six Nations (1784) Tyendinaga (1793) and Akwesasne (1795) Six Nations and Tyendinaga were established by the British for those indigenous groups who had fought on the side of the British and were expelled from the new United States Akwesasne was a pre-existing Mohawk community and its borders were formalized under the 1795 Jay Treaty In 1788 while part of the Province of Quebec southern Ontario was divided into four districts: Hesse Lunenburg Mecklenburg and Nassau in 1792 the four districts were renamed: Hesse became the Western District Lunenburg became the Eastern District Mecklenburg became the Midland District and Nassau became the Home District Counties were created within the districts By 1798 there were eight districts: Eastern Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara and Western by 1826 there were eleven districts: Bathurst Eastern Gore Home Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa and Western by 1838 there were twenty districts: Bathurst Brock Colbourne Dalhousie Eastern Gore Home Huron Johnstown London Midland Newcastle Niagara Ottawa Prince Edward Simcoe Talbot Victoria Wellington and Western In 1849 the districts of southern Ontario were abolished by the Province of Canada and county governments took over certain municipal responsibilities the Province of Canada also began creating districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858 When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast with vast territories in the interior it grew by adding British Columbia in 1871 P.E.I in 1873 the British Arctic Islands in 1880 and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories Evolution of the borders of Ontario since Canadian Confederation in 1867 The borders of Ontario its new name in 1867 were provisionally expanded north and west When the Province of Canada was formed its borders were not entirely clear and Ontario claimed eventually to reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders especially since some of the new areas in which it was interested were rapidly growing After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area the province asked for an elaboration on its limits and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Canadian Confederation Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma Manitoulin Muskoka Nipissing Parry Sound Rainy River and Thunder Bay Four more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1912: Cochrane Kenora Sudbury and Timiskaming Demographics. .

. . 1.^ Includes league playoff Canadian Championship and CONCACAF Champions League games General managers Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. On January 13 1813 John Armstrong Jr was appointed United States Secretary of War Having been a serving soldier he quickly appreciated the situation on Lake Ontario and devised a plan by which a force of 7,000 regular soldiers would be concentrated at Sackett's Harbor on April 1 Working together with Chauncey's squadron this force would capture Kingston before the Saint Lawrence River thawed and substantial British reinforcements could arrive in Upper Canada the capture of Kingston and the destruction of the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard together with most of the vessels of the Provincial Marine would make almost every British post west of Kingston vulnerable if not untenable. After Kingston was captured the Americans would then capture the British positions at York and Fort George at the mouth of the Niagara River United States Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr originally planned for an attack on Kingston but later acquiesced to changes that made York the attack's target Armstrong conferred with Major General Henry Dearborn commander of the American Army of the North at Albany New York during February Both Dearborn and Chauncey agreed with Armstrong's plan at this point but they subsequently had second thoughts That month Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost the British Governor General of Canada travelled up the frozen Saint Lawrence to visit Upper Canada This visit was made necessary because Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe who had succeeded Brock as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada was ill and unable to perform his various duties Prevost was accompanied only by a few small detachments of reinforcements which participated in the Battle of Ogdensburg en route Nevertheless both Chauncey and Dearborn believed that Prevost's arrival indicated an imminent attack on Sackett's Harbor and reported that Kingston now had a garrison of 6,000 or more British regulars Even though Prevost soon returned to Lower Canada and deserters and pro-American Canadian civilians reported that the true size of Kingston's garrison was 600 regulars and 1,400 militia, Chauncey and Dearborn chose to accept the earlier inflated figure Furthermore even after two brigades of troops under Brigadier General Zebulon Pike reinforced the troops at Sackett's Harbor after a gruelling winter march from Plattsburgh the number of effective troops available to Dearborn fell far short of the 7,000 planned mainly as a result of sickness and exposure During March Chauncey and Dearborn recommended to Armstrong that when the ice on the lake thawed they should attack the less well-defended town of York instead of Kingston Although York was the Provincial capital of Upper Canada it was far less important than Kingston as a military objective Historians such as John R Elting have pointed out that this change of plan effectively reversed Armstrong's original strategy and by committing the bulk of the American forces at the western end of Lake Ontario it left Sackett's Harbor vulnerable to an attack by British reinforcements arriving from Lower Canada Armstrong by now back in Washington nevertheless acquiesced in this change of plan as Dearborn might well have better local information. Armstrong also believed that an easy victory at York would provide the government with a significant propaganda coup as well as bolster support for the Democratic-Republican Party for the gubernational election in New York The attack was originally planned to commence in early April although a long winter delayed the attack on York by several weeks threatening the political value of such an attack in an attempt to overcome these delays Democratic-Republicans supporters circulated proclamations of victory prior to the battle to the New York electorate the American naval squadron first attempted to depart from Sackets Harbor on April 23 1813 although an incoming storm forced the squadron back to harbour in order to wait out the storm the squadron finally departed on April 24 1813 British preparations! .