Huffman Usem Saboe Crawford Greenberg Smith PA

8 Faculty Signatures of the parties that ratified the Toronto Purchase 1805 7 See also A map highlighting the Canadas with Upper Canada in orange and Lower Canada in green in 1841 the two colonies were united to form the Province of Canada Although both rebellions were put down in short order the British government sent Lord Durham to investigate the causes He recommended self-government be granted and Lower and Upper Canada be re-joined in an attempt to assimilate the French Canadians Accordingly the two colonies were merged into the Province of Canada by the Act of Union 1840 with the capital at Kingston and Upper Canada becoming known as Canada West. Parliamentary self-government was granted in 1848 There were heavy waves of immigration in the 1840s and the population of Canada West more than doubled by 1851 over the previous decade As a result for the first time the English-speaking population of Canada West surpassed the French-speaking population of Canada East tilting the representative balance of power An economic boom in the 1850s coincided with railway expansion across the province further increasing the economic strength of Central Canada With the repeal of the Corn Laws and a reciprocity agreement in place with the United States various industries such as timber mining farming and alcohol distilling benefited tremendously A political stalemate between the French- and English-speaking legislators as well as fear of aggression from the United States during and immediately after the American Civil War led the political elite to hold a series of conferences in the 1860s to effect a broader federal union of all British North American colonies the British North America Act took effect on July 1 1867 establishing the Dominion of Canada initially with four provinces: Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec and Ontario the Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec so that each linguistic group would have its own province Both Quebec and Ontario were required by section 93 of the British North America Act to safeguard existing educational rights and privileges of Protestant and the Catholic minority Thus separate Catholic schools and school boards were permitted in Ontario However neither province had a constitutional requirement to protect its French- or English-speaking minority Toronto was formally established as Ontario's provincial capital Provincehood. . .

. 54 5-2 Father Alexander Macdonell was a Scottish Catholic priest who formed his evicted clan into the Glengarry Fencibles regiment of which he served as chaplain He was the first Catholic chaplain in the British Army since the Reformation When the regiment was disbanded Rev Macdonell appealed to the government to grant its members a tract of land in Canada and in 1804 160,000 acres (650 km2) were provided in what is now Glengarry County Canada in 1815 he began his service as the first Roman Catholic Bishop at St Raphael's Church in the Highlands of Ontario in 1819 he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Upper Canada which in 1826 was erected into a suffragan bishopric of the Archdiocese of Quebec in 1826 he was appointed to the legislative council Macdonell's role on the Legislative Council was one of the tensions with the Toronto congregation led by Father William O'Grady O'Grady like Macdonell had served as an army chaplain (to Connell James Baldwin's soldiers in Brazil) O'Grady followed Baldwin to Toronto Gore Township in 1828 From January 1829 he was pastor of St Paul's church in York Tensions between the Scottish and Irish came to a head when O'Grady was defrocked in part for his activities in the Reform movement He went on to edit a Reform newspaper in Toronto the Canadian Correspondent Ryerson and the Methodists. . . . .