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. St Catharines CMA (Niagara Falls Welland) 377,009 390,317 392,184 406,074 3.5, 2.1 Extended area See also: Energy policy of Canada Renewable energy in Canada and Smart grid, 0.6% By the 1960s and 1970s the increased pollution caused frequent algal blooms to occur in the summer. These blooms killed large numbers of fish and left decomposing piles of filamentous algae and dead fish along the shores at times the blooms became so thick waves could not break Fish eating birds such as osprey bald eagle and cormorant were being poisoned by contaminated fish Since the 1960s and 1970s environmental concerns have forced a cleanup of industrial and municipal wastes Cleanup has been accomplished through better treatment plants tighter environmental regulations deindustrialization and increased public awareness Today Lake Ontario has recovered some of its pristine quality; for example walleye a fish species considered as a marker of clean water are now found However regional airshed pollution remains a concern the lake has also become an important sport fishery although with introduced species (Coho and Chinook salmon) rather than the native species Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario particularly lamprey and zebra mussels Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways Climate. 1.4 Upward temperature trend Toronto Ontario Canada Business directory, Main article: Toronto subway, The Golden Horseshoe is home to several universities including the University of Toronto and McMaster University in Hamilton which are ranked 1st and 4th in Canada respectively by the Academic Ranking of World Universities Other universities in the region include Brock University in St Catherines Trent University York University OCAD University University of Ontario Institute of Technology and Ryerson University Public primary and secondary schooling is typically provided by school boards largely organized at the municipal or county/regional level the only school board that operates throughout the Golden Horseshoe is Conseil scolaire Viamonde a public French-language school board and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir a public French-language separate school board Attractions. . 52 Defender Julian Dunn-Johnson (HG) Canada 3 Late 1980s and early 1990s School violence. .

10 Notes 1.4 21st century Where a player has not declared an international allegiance nation is determined by place of birth Squad correct as of March 21 2019 No. Position Player Nation. . . .