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; George Brown College (Toronto), 2008 20,108 The Great Toronto Fire of 1904 destroyed a large section of downtown Toronto but the city was quickly rebuilt the fire caused more than $10 million in damage and resulted in more stringent fire safety laws and expansion of the city's fire department The city received new European immigrant groups beginning in the late 19th century into the early 20th century particularly Germans French Italians and Jews from various parts of Eastern Europe They were soon followed by Russians Poles and other Eastern European nations in addition to Chinese entering from the West As the Irish before them many of these migrants lived in overcrowded shanty-type slums such as "the Ward" which was centred on Bay Street now the heart of the country's Financial District By 1934 the Toronto Stock Exchange emerged as the country's largest stock exchange As new migrants began to prosper they moved to better housing in other areas in what is now understood to be succession waves of settlement Despite its fast-paced growth by the 1920s Toronto's population and economic importance in Canada remained second to the much longer established Montreal Quebec However by 1934 the Toronto Stock Exchange had become the largest in the country In 1954 the City of Toronto and 12 surrounding municipalities were federated into a regional government known as Metropolitan Toronto the postwar boom had resulted in rapid suburban development and it was believed a coordinated land-use strategy and shared services would provide greater efficiency for the region the metropolitan government began to manage services that crossed municipal boundaries including highways police services water and public transit In that year a half-century after the Great Fire of 1904 disaster struck the city again when Hurricane Hazel brought intense winds and flash flooding in the Toronto area 81 people were killed nearly 1,900 families were left homeless and the hurricane caused more than CA$25 million in damage In 1967 the seven smallest municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto were merged with larger neighbours resulting in a six-municipality configuration that included the former city of Toronto and the surrounding municipalities of East York Etobicoke North York Scarborough and York Construction of First Canadian Place the operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal in 1975 During the 1970s several Canadian financial institutions moved to Toronto In the decades after World War II refugees from war-torn Europe and Chinese job-seekers arrived as well as construction labourers particularly from Italy and Portugal Toronto's population grew to more than one million in 1951 when large-scale suburbanization began and doubled to two million by 1971 Following the elimination of racially based immigration policies by the late 1960s Toronto became a destination for immigrants from all parts of the world By the 1980s Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and chief economic hub During this time in part owing to the political uncertainty raised by the resurgence of the Quebec sovereignty movement many national and multinational corporations moved their head offices from Montreal to Toronto and Western Canadian cities In 1998 the Conservative provincial government led by Mike Harris dissolved the metropolitan government despite vigorous opposition from the component municipalities and overwhelming rejection in a municipal plebiscite All six municipalities were amalgamated into a single municipality creating the current City of Toronto the successor of the old City of Toronto North York mayor Mel Lastman became the first "megacity" mayor and the 62nd Mayor of Toronto John Tory is the current mayor 21st century, Conseil scolaire Viamonde is a French first language secular school board headquartered in Toronto The following public school boards operate secular schools in Toronto:. .

. . This section needs to be updated Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information (June 2018), Administrative areas of New Brunswick: On January 13 1813 John Armstrong Jr was appointed United States Secretary of War Having been a serving soldier he quickly appreciated the situation on Lake Ontario and devised a plan by which a force of 7,000 regular soldiers would be concentrated at Sackett's Harbor on April 1 Working together with Chauncey's squadron this force would capture Kingston before the Saint Lawrence River thawed and substantial British reinforcements could arrive in Upper Canada the capture of Kingston and the destruction of the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard together with most of the vessels of the Provincial Marine would make almost every British post west of Kingston vulnerable if not untenable. After Kingston was captured the Americans would then capture the British positions at York and Fort George at the mouth of the Niagara River United States Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr originally planned for an attack on Kingston but later acquiesced to changes that made York the attack's target Armstrong conferred with Major General Henry Dearborn commander of the American Army of the North at Albany New York during February Both Dearborn and Chauncey agreed with Armstrong's plan at this point but they subsequently had second thoughts That month Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost the British Governor General of Canada travelled up the frozen Saint Lawrence to visit Upper Canada This visit was made necessary because Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe who had succeeded Brock as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada was ill and unable to perform his various duties Prevost was accompanied only by a few small detachments of reinforcements which participated in the Battle of Ogdensburg en route Nevertheless both Chauncey and Dearborn believed that Prevost's arrival indicated an imminent attack on Sackett's Harbor and reported that Kingston now had a garrison of 6,000 or more British regulars Even though Prevost soon returned to Lower Canada and deserters and pro-American Canadian civilians reported that the true size of Kingston's garrison was 600 regulars and 1,400 militia, Chauncey and Dearborn chose to accept the earlier inflated figure Furthermore even after two brigades of troops under Brigadier General Zebulon Pike reinforced the troops at Sackett's Harbor after a gruelling winter march from Plattsburgh the number of effective troops available to Dearborn fell far short of the 7,000 planned mainly as a result of sickness and exposure During March Chauncey and Dearborn recommended to Armstrong that when the ice on the lake thawed they should attack the less well-defended town of York instead of Kingston Although York was the Provincial capital of Upper Canada it was far less important than Kingston as a military objective Historians such as John R Elting have pointed out that this change of plan effectively reversed Armstrong's original strategy and by committing the bulk of the American forces at the western end of Lake Ontario it left Sackett's Harbor vulnerable to an attack by British reinforcements arriving from Lower Canada Armstrong by now back in Washington nevertheless acquiesced in this change of plan as Dearborn might well have better local information. Armstrong also believed that an easy victory at York would provide the government with a significant propaganda coup as well as bolster support for the Democratic-Republican Party for the gubernational election in New York The attack was originally planned to commence in early April although a long winter delayed the attack on York by several weeks threatening the political value of such an attack in an attempt to overcome these delays Democratic-Republicans supporters circulated proclamations of victory prior to the battle to the New York electorate the American naval squadron first attempted to depart from Sackets Harbor on April 23 1813 although an incoming storm forced the squadron back to harbour in order to wait out the storm the squadron finally departed on April 24 1813 British preparations. .