The Great Irish Famine (1845�1849) Brought
A Large Number Of Irish Into
The City
A Slight Majority Of Whom Were Protestant
The Huge Unexpected Influx Of Very Poor Immigrants Brought
A New Challenge
To
The Catholic Church
Its Fear Was That Protestants Might Use Their Material Needs As
A Wedge
For Evangelization
In Response
The Church Built
A Network Of Charitable Institutions Such
As Hospitals
Schools
Boarding Homes
And Orphanages
To Meet
The Need
And Keep People Inside
The Faith
The Catholic Church Was Less Successful
In Dealing With Tensions Between
The French And
The Irish Catholic Clergy; Eventually
The Irish Took Control
And Won
The Support Of Rome
By Its Unwavering Ultramontane (pro-Vatican) Position
By 1851
The Irish-born Population Became
The Largest Single Ethnic Group
In
The City
An Orange Order Parade
On King Street
C
1870
The Protestant Fraternal Organization
Originally Made Up Of Irish Immigrants
Became
A Dominant Force
In Toronto During
The Late 19th Century
The Orange Order
Based Among
The Protestant Irish
Became
A Dominant Force
In Toronto Society
So Much So That 1920s Toronto Was Called
The "Belfast Of Canada"
The Orange Opposed Everything Catholic
They Lost Interest
In Ireland After
The Establishment Of Northern Ireland And
The Orange Influence Faded After 1940. Irish Catholics Arriving
In Toronto Faced Widespread Intolerance
And Severe Discrimination
Both Social
And Legislative
Leading
To Several Large Scale Riots Between Catholics
And Protestants From 1858�1878
Culminating
In
The Jubilee Riots Of 1875
The Irish Population Essentially Defined
The Catholic Population
In Toronto Until 1890
When German
And French Catholics Were Welcomed
To
The City By
The Irish
But
The Irish Proportion Still Remained 90% Of
The Catholic Population
However
Various Positive Initiatives Such As
The Foundation Of St
Michael's College
In 1852
Three Hospitals
And
The Most Significant Charitable Organizations
In
The City (the Society Of Saint Vincent De Paul)
And House Of Providence Created
By Irish Catholic Groups Strengthened
The Irish Identity
Transforming
The Irish Presence
In
The City Into One Of Influence
And Power
McGowan Argues That Between 1890
And 1920
The City's Catholics Experienced Major Social
Ideological
And Economic Changes That Allowed Them
To Integrate Into Toronto Society
And Shake Off Their Second-class Status
The Irish Catholics (in Contrast
To
The French) Strongly Supported Canada's Role
In
The First World War
They Broke Out Of
The Ghetto
And Lived
In All Of Toronto's Neighbourhoods
Starting
As Unskilled Labourers
They Used High Levels Of Education
To Move Up
And Were Well Represented Among
The Lower Middle Class
Most Dramatically
They Intermarried With Protestants
At An Unprecedented Rate
During
The Late 19th Century
And Throughout
The 20th Century
The Irish Immigrants Who Had Followed
The British
To Toronto Were Followed
By Many Other Immigrant Groups
In
The Late 19th Century: Germans
Italians
And Jews From Various Parts Of Eastern Europe; Later Chinese
Russians
Finns, Poles
And Many Other Eastern Europeans
By
The Latter Half Of
The 20th Century
Refugees
And Immigrants From Many Other Parts Of
The World Were
The Major Source Of Immigration
British Immigration Remained Strong Through
The Latter Half Of
The 19th Century Well Into
The 20th Century
In Addition To
A Steady Influx From Rural Areas Of Ontario
Which Included French-Canadians
20th Century
. The Art Research Centre
2016 75 41 407 581, Big Island
John J
Lynch High School (North York
1963 - Congregation of Christian Brothers
and Daughters of Wisdom). 3 Residential architecture
The Distillery District holds
the largest collection of Victorian industrial architecture
in North America
The city of Toronto originally formed as
a result of its good harbour
and
the port was
the source of
the city's prosperity
for most of its early history
the oldest parts of
the city
are thus by
the harbour
with newer growth spreading out
in all directions possible
Around
the harbour grew up
a belt of industrial structures
especially just east
and west of downtown
These included massive facilities such
as Gooderham
and Worts whiskey distillery
and Massey Ferguson's farm equipment factories
in
the later half of
the nineteenth century
the railways became Toronto's main connection with
the outside world
and further industrial areas grew up around
the freight lines
in areas such
as Weston
and East York
In
the 1970s
deindustrialization began
to have
a dramatic effect
on Toronto
By
the 1990s
almost all of
the older factories by
the waterfront were gone
Some of
the newer facilities further north still remain
but
are constantly disappearing
Many of
the more historic industrial buildings have been converted into lofts
and offices
Most have been demolished
and
in their place
dozens of condominium towers have been erected by
the lake shore
There
are also still large stretches of abandoned industrial land
in
the Port Lands district
and other parts of Toronto awaiting
a redevelopment plan
Residential architecture.
. . See also: List of census divisions of Ontario
Geography of Canada
and List of parks
and protected areas of Ontario.
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