. . The term "Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area" (GTHA) refers to the GTA and the City of Hamilton the term has been adopted by several organizations (including Metrolinx the Ministry of Energy and Halton Region.) for the purposes of regional planning the GTHA and the Regional Municipality of Niagara form the inner ring of the larger Greater Golden Horseshoe region History; African 523,230 5.8% Main article: Politics of Ontario Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area A refinery operated by Irving Oil the New Brunswick-based company is one of several owned by the Irving family As of October 2017 seasonally-adjusted employment is 73,400 for the goods-producing sector and 280,900 for the services-producing sector. Those in the goods-producing industries are mostly employed in manufacturing or construction while those in services work in social assistance trades and health care a large portion of the economy is controlled by the Irving Group of Companies which consists of the holdings of the family of K C Irving the companies have significant holdings in agriculture forestry food processing freight transport (including railways and trucking) media oil and shipbuilding The United States is the province's largest export market accounting for 92% of a foreign trade valued in 2014 at almost $13 billion with refined petroleum making up 63% of that followed by seafood products pulp paper and sawmill products and non-metallic minerals (chiefly potash) the value of exports mostly to the United States was $1.6 billion in 2016 About half of that came from lobster Other products include salmon crab and herring in 2015 spending on non-resident tourism in New Brunswick was $441 million which provided $87 million in tax revenue Primary sector. . .
. . The Normal School in 2008 Burlington The company and its hotels and resorts have been involved in a number of philanthropic programs with a focus on supporting sustainability building communities and advancing cancer research Four Seasons was one of the founders of the Terry Fox Run in 1981, which has since grown into the world's largest single day cancer fundraiser with events around the world every September to date the Terry Fox Run has raised more than CAD 750 million In 2001 Four Seasons Resort Maldives started collaborating with the local environmental organization Seamarc/Marine savers which has set up a program of reimplantation of coral in damaged areas. Thousands of guest-sponsored "coral frames" have been transplanted in Kuda Hurra and Landaa Giraavaru resorts' reefs and are under survey by marine scientists; they constitute a refuge for thousands of tropical species and help to preserve and recover fragile ecosystems On June 19 2002 the Canadian Opera Company announced Four Seasons Hotels as the naming donor for the COC's new Opera House also home to the National Ballet of Canada the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts located in Toronto Ontario 2016 26,583, The TDSB is the largest school board in Canada and the 4th largest in North America.[citation needed] the record was previously held by the Metropolitan Separate School Board with over 100,000 students until 1998 what is now the Toronto Catholic District School Board There are more than 250,000 students in nearly 600 schools within the TDSB Of these schools 451 offer elementary education 102 offer secondary level education and there are five adult day schools the TDSB has 16 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools TDSB has approximately 31,000 permanent and 8,000 temporary staff which includes 10,000 elementary school teachers and 5,800 at the secondary level Parent and Community involvement occurs at all levels of the school board system from parental involvement at local schools the involvement of local organizations at the school level and formal advisory committees at the Board level There has also been an effort to include more student involvement in the Toronto District School Board the "Super Council" is an organization which acts as a student council for the entire board. There has also been an attempt to place student input in the TDSB's Equity Department through the second and last board-wide student group: Students Working Against Great Injustice. Both groups have put together various events and have had much success in giving input towards the decisions of the Board The TDSB actively recruits students from outside of Canada and attracts students from Kindergarten to Grade 12 charging international students up to $14,000 per year to study in Toronto Trustees. A map of the Toronto purchase notable is the British surveyor's insistence on using a grid instead of using the natural features to demarcate boundaries such as Etobicoke Creek Under the Treaty of Paris which ended the conflict between Great Britain and its former colonies the boundary of British North America was set in the middle of the Great Lakes This made the land north of the border more important strategically and as the place for Loyalists to settle after the war in 1781 the Mississaugas surrendered a strip of land along the Niagara River and in 1783 land on the Bay of Quinte for the Mohawks who had been loyal to the British to settle (today's Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory) Between 1783 and 1785 10,000 Loyalists arrived and were settling on land the Crown had recognized as Indian Land in 1784 the Mississaugas surrendered more land in the Niagara peninsula including land on the Grand River for the Iroquois In 1786 Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America His mission was to solve the problems of the newly landed Loyalists at first Dorchester suggested opening the new Canada West as districts under the Quebec government but the British Government made known its intention to split Canada into Upper and Lower Canada Dorchester began organizing for the new province of Upper Canada including a capital Dorchester's first choice was Kingston but was aware of the number of Loyalists in the Bay of Quinte and Niagara areas and chose instead the location north of the Bay of Toronto midway between the settlements and 30 miles (48 km) from the US Under the policy of the time the British recognized aboriginal title to the land and Dorchester arranged to purchase the lands from the Mississaugas The 1787 purchase according to British records was conducted on September 23 1787 at the "Carrying-Place" of Bay of Quinte the British crown and the Mississaugas of New Credit met to arrange for the surrender of lands along Lake Ontario in the case of the Toronto area the Mississaugas of New Credit exchanged 250,808 acres (101,498 ha) of land in what became York County (most of current Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York bounded by Lake Ontario to the south approximately Etobicoke Creek/Highway 27 to the west approximately Ashbridge's Bay/Woodbine Avenue-Highway 404 to the east and approximately south of Sideroad 15-Bloomington Road to the north) for some money 2,000 gun flints 24 brass kettles 120 mirrors 24 laced hats a bale of flowered flannel and 96 gallons of rum At the time the Mississaugas believed that the agreement was not a purchase extinguishing their rights to the land but a rental of the lands for British use in exchange for gifts and presents in perpetuity In 1788 surveyor Alexander Aitken was assigned to conduct a survey of the Toronto site the Mississaugas blocked him for surveying west of the Humber saying the lands to the west had not been ceded Aitken was only allowed to survey the land after British authorities interceded with the Mississaugas Aitken surveyed west to Etobicoke Creek but did not survey more than a few miles from the lake before stopping to avoid further confrontation 1805 indenture, People celebrating the incorporation of Toronto in 1834 the Town of York was incorporated as the new City of Toronto The town was incorporated on March 6 1834 reverting to the name of "Toronto" to distinguish it from New York City as well as about a dozen other localities named 'York' in the province (including York County in which Toronto was situated) and to disassociate itself from the negative connotation of dirty Little York a common nickname for the town by its residents William Lyon Mackenzie was its first mayor The new Reform-dominated municipal council quickly set to work to correct the problems left unchecked by the old Court of Quarter Sessions Unsurprisingly for "Muddy York" the new civic corporation made roads a priority This ambitious road improvement scheme put the new council in a difficult position; good roads were expensive yet the incorporation bill had limited the ability of the council to raise taxes An inequitable taxation system placed an unfair burden on the poorer members of the community Mackenzie decided to take the matter directly to the citizens and called a public meeting at the Market Square on July 29 1834 "for six that being the hour at which the Mechanicks and labouring classes can most conveniently attend without breaking on a day's labour." Mackenzie met with organized resistance as the newly resurrected "British Constitutional Society" with William H Draper as president Tory aldermen Carfrae Monro and Denison as vice-presidents and common councilman and newspaper publisher George Gurnett as secretary met the night before and "from 150 to 200 of the most respectable portion of the community assembled and unanimously resolved to meet the Mayor upon his own invitation." Sheriff William Jarvis took over the meeting and interrupted Mayor Mackenzie "to propose to the Meeting a vote of censure on his conduct as Mayor." in the resulting pandemonium the two sides agreed that they would hold a second meeting the next day In 1837 a revolutionary insurrection was crushed by British authorities and Canadian volunteer units at Montgomery's Tavern on Yonge Street The Tories called the meeting for three in the afternoon so that the working class "mechanics" would not be able to attend the inability of the mechanics to attend was their saving grace for the meeting ended in a terrible tragedy when the packed gallery overlooking Market Square collapsed pitching the onlookers into the butcher's stalls below killing four and injuring dozens the Tory press immediately placed the blame on Mackenzie even though he didn't attend the Toronto mechanics ironically spared the carnage because of the hour at which the meeting was appointed did not appear to be swayed by the Tory press in the October 1834 provincial elections Mackenzie was overwhelmingly elected in the second riding of York; Sheriff William Jarvis running in the city of Toronto lost to reformer James Edward Small by the slim margin of 252 to 260 votes Toronto was the site of the key events of the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837 led by Mackenzie In 1841 the first gas street lamps appeared in Toronto Over 100 were installed that year in time for author Charles Dickens' visit in May 1842 Dickens described Toronto as "full of life motion business and improvement the streets are well-paved and lighted with gas." Dickens was on a North American tour View of Toronto looking west from King and Jarvis in 1845 the buildings right of the trees were later destroyed in the Great Fire of 1849 During the Typhus epidemic of 1847 863 Irish immigrants died of typhus at fever sheds built at the Toronto Hospital at the northwest corner of King Street and John Street the epidemic also killed the first Bishop of Toronto Michael Power while providing care and ministering to Irish immigrants fleeing the Great Famine The April 7 1849 Cathedral Fire destroyed the "Market Block" north of Market Square and St Lawrence Market as well as the first St James' Cathedral and a portion of Toronto's first City Hall While Toronto had a firefighting brigade and two fire halls the force could not stop the large fire and many businesses were lost a period of rebuilding followed After the Upper Canada Rebellion resentments between the ruling factions of the Family Compact and the Reform elements in Toronto continued as Irish and other Catholics migrated to Toronto and became a larger part of the population the Orange Order representing Protestant elements loyal to the British Crown fought to keep control of the ruling government and civil services the police constabulary and the fire departments were controlled through patronage and were under Orange control Orange elements were known to use violence against Catholics and Reformers and were immune to prosecution it would not be until the 20th Century that Toronto would have its first Catholic mayor Latter 19th century. 6 Statistics Bialik Hebrew Day School, Extended Wellington (Wellington County and Guelph) 222,726, The Normal School was founded by Egerton Ryerson in 1847 as the first teacher-training institution in the province it moved into a new building in 1852 on a parcel of semi-rural land eventually bounded by Gerrard Victoria Gould and Church streets In 1852 at the core of the present main campus the historic St James Square Egerton Ryerson founded Ontario's first teacher training facility the Toronto Normal School it also housed the Department of Education and the Museum of Natural History and Fine Arts which became the Royal Ontario Museum An agricultural laboratory on the site led to the founding of the Ontario Agricultural College and the University of Guelph St James Square went through various other educational uses before housing a namesake of its original founder Egerton Ryerson was a leading educator politician and Methodist minister. He is known as the father of Ontario's public school system. He is also a founder of the first publishing company in Canada in 1829 the Methodist Book and Publishing House which was renamed the Ryerson Press in 1919 and today is part of McGraw-Hill Ryerson a Canadian publisher of educational and professional books which still bears Egerton Ryerson's name for its Canadian operations Advances in science and technology brought on by World War II and continued Canadian industrialization previously interrupted by the Great Depression created a demand for a more highly trained population Howard Hillen Kerr was given control of nine Ontario Training and Re-establishment centres to accomplish this His vision of what these institutions would do was broader than what others were suggesting in 1943 he visited the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was convinced Canada could develop its own MIT over one hundred years Along the way such an institution could respond to the society's needs When the Province approved the idea of technical institutes in 1946 it proposed to found several it turned out all but one would be special purpose schools such as the mining school Only the Toronto retraining centre which became the Ryerson Institute of Technology in 1948 would become a multi-program campus Kerr's future MIT of Canada The Toronto Training and Re-establishment Institute was created in 1945 on the former site of the Toronto Normal School at St James Square bounded by Gerrard Church Yonge and Gould the Gothic-Romanesque building was designed by architects Thomas Ridout and Frederick William Cumberland in 1852 the site had been used as a Royal Canadian Air Force training facility during World War II the institute was a joint venture of the federal and provincial government to train ex-servicemen and women for re-entry into civilian life The Ryerson Institute of Technology was founded in 1948 inheriting the staff and facilities of the Toronto Training and Re-establishment Institute in 1966 it became the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute In 1971 provincial legislation was amended to permit Ryerson to grant university degrees accredited by provincial government legislation and by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). That year it also became a member of the Council of Ontario Universities (COU) in 1992 Ryerson became Toronto's second school of engineering to receive accreditation from the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) the following year (1993) Ryerson formally became a University via an Act of the Ontario Legislature In 1993 Ryerson received approval to also grant graduate degrees (master's and doctorates) the same year the Board of Governors changed the institution's name to Ryerson Polytechnic University to reflect a stronger emphasis on research associated with graduate programs and its expansion from being a university offering undergraduate degrees Students occupied the university's administration offices in March 1997 protesting escalating tuition hikes In June 2001 the school assumed its name as Ryerson University Today Ryerson University offers programs in aerospace chemical civil mechanical industrial electrical biomedical and computer engineering the B.Eng biomedical engineering program is the first stand-alone undergraduate biomedical engineering program in Canada the university is also one of only two Canadian universities to offer a program in aerospace engineering accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) Organization.
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