6.2.3 Bank wars: the Scottish joint-stock banks. . Core York Region 1,109,909, List of Toronto parks, 5 Economy Hopewell Rocks are rock formations located at the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy near Hopewell Cape Bedrock types range from 1 billion to 200 million years old. Much of the bedrock in the west and north derives from ocean deposits in the Ordovician that were subject to folding and igneous intrusion and that were eventually covered with lava during the Paleozoic peaking during the Acadian orogeny During the Carboniferous era about 340 million years ago New Brunswick was in the Maritimes Basin a sedimentary basin near the equator Sediments brought by rivers from surrounding highlands accumulated there; after being compressed they produced the Albert oil shales of southern New Brunswick Eventually sea water from the Panthalassic Ocean invaded the basin forming the Windsor Sea Once this receded conglomerates sandstones and shales accumulated the rust colour of these was caused by the oxidation of iron in the beds between wet and dry periods. Such late carboniferous rock formed the Hopewell Rocks which have been shaped by the extreme tidal range of the Bay of Fundy In the early Triassic as Pangea drifted north it was rent apart forming the rift valley that is the Bay of Fundy Magma pushed up through the cracks forming basalt columns on Grand Manan Topography.
. Burning and Battle of York 27 April 1813 Built in 1887 the Victoria Industrial School for Boys was the destination for youth convicted of crimes and "incorrigible" youth until it was closed in 1934 Boys at the school were housed in "cottages," two to three story brick buildings housing as many as forty boys and quite unlike the wood-frame houses in nearby Mimico in the "cottages," the boys were supervised by a man and woman usually husband and wife. However despite the homely setting the school was often a place of violence for the boys there including such treatment as being handcuffed to the bed beaten and placed on bread-and-water diets These abuses were the focus of investigations by the province as well as reporting in the Toronto Daily Star. Although the school was operated locally the school was increasingly populated by boys from across the province the site was used for the education of inmates under various names including the Mimico Correctional Centre and is now home to the Toronto South Detention Centre Alexandra School for Girls.
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