. Main article: Corporations (Upper Canada) 8 Divisions Development of the Great Lakes following the end of the Last Glacial Period the first human settlers arrived in the area 11,000 to 10,500 years ago as the glaciers retreated from the area Toronto remained under glacial ice throughout the Last Glacial Period with the glacial ice retreating from the area during the Late Glacial warming period approximately 13,000 BCE Following the Last Glacial Period Toronto's waterfront shifted with the growth and later contraction of glacial Lake Iroquois the area saw its first human settlers around 9000 BCE to 8,500 BCE These settlers traversed large distances in family-sized bands sustaining themselves on caribou mammoths mastodons and smaller animals in the tundra and Boreal forest. Many of their archaeological remains lie in present-day Lake Ontario with the historic coastline of Lake Iroquois situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Toronto during this period As the climate warmed in 6,000 BCE the environment of Toronto shifted to a temperate climate the Toronto waterfront also changed dramatically during this period with erosion from the Scarborough Bluffs accumulating and rising water levels from Lake Ontario creating a peninsula that would later become the Toronto Islands First Nations settlements. . ! .
Elizabeth St School (1868) Democratic participation and civil society 56.3 62.1 62.1 65.9 76.6 323.0 12.1 Statutes Main article: Corporations (Upper Canada). Father Alexander Macdonell was a Scottish Catholic priest who formed his evicted clan into the Glengarry Fencibles regiment of which he served as chaplain He was the first Catholic chaplain in the British Army since the Reformation When the regiment was disbanded Rev Macdonell appealed to the government to grant its members a tract of land in Canada and in 1804 160,000 acres (650 km2) were provided in what is now Glengarry County Canada in 1815 he began his service as the first Roman Catholic Bishop at St Raphael's Church in the Highlands of Ontario in 1819 he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Upper Canada which in 1826 was erected into a suffragan bishopric of the Archdiocese of Quebec in 1826 he was appointed to the legislative council Macdonell's role on the Legislative Council was one of the tensions with the Toronto congregation led by Father William O'Grady O'Grady like Macdonell had served as an army chaplain (to Connell James Baldwin's soldiers in Brazil) O'Grady followed Baldwin to Toronto Gore Township in 1828 From January 1829 he was pastor of St Paul's church in York Tensions between the Scottish and Irish came to a head when O'Grady was defrocked in part for his activities in the Reform movement He went on to edit a Reform newspaper in Toronto the Canadian Correspondent Ryerson and the Methodists, Main article: Politics of New Brunswick.
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