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Toronto has a diverse array of public spaces from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines Nathan Phillips Square is the city's main square in downtown and forms the entrance to City Hall Yonge-Dundas Square near City Hall has also gained attention in recent years as one of the busiest gathering spots in the city Other squares include Harbourfront Square on the Toronto waterfront and the civic squares at the former city halls of the defunct Metropolitan Toronto most notably Mel Lastman Square in North York the Toronto Public Space Committee is an advocacy group concerned with the city's public spaces in recent years Nathan Phillips Square has been refurbished with new facilities and the central waterfront along Queen's Quay West has been updated recently with a new street architecture and a new square next to Harbourfront Centre In the winter Nathan Phillips Square Harbourfront Centre and Mel Lastman Square feature popular rinks for public ice-skating Etobicoke's Colonel Sam Smith Trail opened in 2011 and is Toronto's first skating trail Centennial Park and Earl Bales Park offer outdoor skiing and snowboarding slopes with a chairlift rental facilities and lessons Several parks have marked cross-country skiing trails There are many large downtown parks which include Allan Gardens Christie Pits Grange Park Little Norway Park Moss Park Queen's Park Riverdale Park and Trinity Bellwoods Park An almost hidden park is the compact Cloud Gardens, which has both open areas and a glassed-in greenhouse near Queen and Yonge South of downtown are two large parks on the waterfront: Tommy Thompson Park on the Leslie Street Spit which has a nature preserve is open on weekends; and the Toronto Islands accessible from downtown by ferry Rouge National Urban Park is a national park in the eastern portion of the city Large parks in the outer areas managed by the city include High Park Humber Bay Park Centennial Park Downsview Park Guild Park and Gardens and Morningside Park Toronto also operates several public golf courses Most ravine lands and river bank floodplains in Toronto are public parklands After Hurricane Hazel in 1954 construction of buildings on floodplains was outlawed and private lands were bought for conservation in 1999 Downsview Park a former military base in North York initiated an international design competition to realize its vision of creating Canada's first urban park the winner "Tree City" was announced in May 2000 Approximately 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) or 12.5 percent of Toronto's land base is maintained parkland. Morningside Park is the largest park managed by the city which is 241.46 hectares (596.7 acres) in size In addition to public parks managed by the municipal government parts of Rouge National Urban Park the largest urban park in North America is in the eastern portion of Toronto Managed by Parks Canada the national park is centred around the Rouge River and encompasses several municipalities in the Greater Toronto Area Culture. John Robinson Acknowledged leader of the Family Compact Member of the Legislative Assembly and later the Legislative Council William Henry Boulton 8th Mayor of Toronto and member of the Legislative Assembly Sir Allan Napier MacNab 1st Baronet Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada Henry Sherwood 13th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Brockville Reform Movement, 1.2.4 Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board The Sharon Temple built by the Children of Peace. Canal system 1.2.4 Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board, Source: Environment Canada The City of Toronto is legally bound by the City of Toronto Act an Ontario law it lays down the division of powers responsibilities and required duties of the corporation the City Council is the only power able to enact Toronto laws known as "by-laws" which govern the actions of the corporation and/or matters within its jurisdiction such as administration of the Canadian Criminal Code within its borders the Council itself forms several committees after every election to divide the administration of the corporation The Council also forms several "Community Councils" which hear matters relating to narrower district issues such as building permits and developments requiring changes to zoning by-laws Community Council decisions as well as those of the Mayor must be approved by City Council at regular sessions The top civil servant in the corporation is the City Manager who reports to the Mayor and City Council Prior to 2005 the city had various departments headed by Commissioners These heads were simplified by replacing the departments with divisions each headed by a Deputy Manager All department heads now report to the City Manager The following senior staff report to the City Manager:. . English and French displayed on a gantry sign Communities with sizeable Francophone populations are able to receive provincial services in French The principal language of Ontario is English the province's de facto official language, which is spoken natively by about 70 per cent of the province's population according to the 2011 census There is also a French-speaking population concentrated in the northeastern eastern and extreme Southern parts of the province where under the French Language Services Act, provincial government services are required to be available in French if at least 10 per cent of a designated area's population report French as their native language or if an urban centre has at least 5,000 francophones Roughly 4 per cent of Ontarians speak French as their mother tongue and 11 per cent are bilingual speaking both English and French according to the 2011 census Other languages spoken by residents include Arabic Bengali Cantonese Dutch German Greek Gujarati Hindi Italian Korean Malayalam Mandarin Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Sinhalese Somali Spanish Tagalog Tamil Tibetan Ukrainian Urdu and Vietnamese Economy.

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