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Early history The American naval squadron exchange fire with Fort York during the Battle of York in April 1813 the American landing is depicted to the west (bottom left of image) On 27 April 1813 American forces led by Zebulon Pike attacked York After the British-Native force failed to prevent the American landings (in present-day Parkdale) British forces ordered a withdrawal realizing that defence was impossible Upon their departure British forces rigged Fort York's gunpowder magazine to explode it exploded as the American forces were about to enter the fort killing Pike and a contingent of his men in the following days American forces sacked the town and burned a number of properties including the Parliament Buildings the town remained occupied until May 8 when American forces departed the settlement In addition to the Battle of York two other American incursions occurred in the town during the war the second incursion occurred several months later on 31 July An American squadron originally planned to attack British forces at Burlington Heights; although finding the British too well-entrenched in the Heights opted to raid York instead the landings at York went unopposed with most York's garrison moving west to defend Burlington Heights American forces raided the town's food and military stores as well as destroyed several military structures before departing the same night The third incursion into York occurred a year later in August 1814 on 6 August 1814 an American naval squadron arrived outside of York's harbour dispatching USS Lady of the Lake to enter the town's harbour in an effort to gauge its defences. After the ship briefly exchanged fire with the improved Fort York built several hundred metres to the west from its original position the USS Lady of the Lake withdrew and returned to the American squadron outside the harbour American forces did not attempt a landing during this incursion although remained outside the town's harbour for the following three days before departing Post-War of 1812, 1829 197,815 +6.1% A map of the Toronto purchase notable is the British surveyor's insistence on using a grid instead of using the natural features to demarcate boundaries such as Etobicoke Creek Under the Treaty of Paris which ended the conflict between Great Britain and its former colonies the boundary of British North America was set in the middle of the Great Lakes This made the land north of the border more important strategically and as the place for Loyalists to settle after the war in 1781 the Mississaugas surrendered a strip of land along the Niagara River and in 1783 land on the Bay of Quinte for the Mohawks who had been loyal to the British to settle (today's Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory) Between 1783 and 1785 10,000 Loyalists arrived and were settling on land the Crown had recognized as Indian Land in 1784 the Mississaugas surrendered more land in the Niagara peninsula including land on the Grand River for the Iroquois In 1786 Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America His mission was to solve the problems of the newly landed Loyalists at first Dorchester suggested opening the new Canada West as districts under the Quebec government but the British Government made known its intention to split Canada into Upper and Lower Canada Dorchester began organizing for the new province of Upper Canada including a capital Dorchester's first choice was Kingston but was aware of the number of Loyalists in the Bay of Quinte and Niagara areas and chose instead the location north of the Bay of Toronto midway between the settlements and 30 miles (48 km) from the US Under the policy of the time the British recognized aboriginal title to the land and Dorchester arranged to purchase the lands from the Mississaugas The 1787 purchase according to British records was conducted on September 23 1787 at the "Carrying-Place" of Bay of Quinte the British crown and the Mississaugas of New Credit met to arrange for the surrender of lands along Lake Ontario in the case of the Toronto area the Mississaugas of New Credit exchanged 250,808 acres (101,498 ha) of land in what became York County (most of current Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York bounded by Lake Ontario to the south approximately Etobicoke Creek/Highway 27 to the west approximately Ashbridge's Bay/Woodbine Avenue-Highway 404 to the east and approximately south of Sideroad 15-Bloomington Road to the north) for some money 2,000 gun flints 24 brass kettles 120 mirrors 24 laced hats a bale of flowered flannel and 96 gallons of rum At the time the Mississaugas believed that the agreement was not a purchase extinguishing their rights to the land but a rental of the lands for British use in exchange for gifts and presents in perpetuity In 1788 surveyor Alexander Aitken was assigned to conduct a survey of the Toronto site the Mississaugas blocked him for surveying west of the Humber saying the lands to the west had not been ceded Aitken was only allowed to survey the land after British authorities interceded with the Mississaugas Aitken surveyed west to Etobicoke Creek but did not survey more than a few miles from the lake before stopping to avoid further confrontation 1805 indenture. Broadcasters Toronto (The Annex) 27/18 80/64 -1/-7 30/20 Appalachian mountains from Mount Carleton Provincial Park New Brunswick lies entirely within the Appalachian Mountain range All of the rivers of New Brunswick drain into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the east or the Bay of Fundy to the south These watersheds include lands in Quebec and Maine New Brunswick and the rest of the Maritime Peninsula was covered by thick layers of ice during the last glacial period (the Wisconsinian glaciation) it cut U-shaped valleys in the Saint John and Nepisiguit River valleys and pushed granite boulders from the Miramichi highlands south and east leaving them as erratics when the ice receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation along with deposits such as the eskers between Woodstock and St George today sources of sand and gravel Demographics, Islamic Community School 1.2.2.1 Christian. .
. 5 See also 4.2.1 Assisted immigration 1833 295,863 +12.3% Toronto Ontario Canada Business directory Climate chart (explanation) Montcrest School The construction of Union Station in 1858 dramatically increased commerce as well as the number of immigrants Toronto grew rapidly in the late 19th century the population increasing from 30,000 in 1851 to 56,000 in 1871 86,400 in 1881 and 181,000 in 1891 the total urbanized population was not counted as it is today to include the greater area those just outside the city limits made for a significantly higher population the 1891 figure also included population counted after recent annexations of many smaller adjacent towns such as Parkdale Brockton Village West Toronto East Toronto and others Immigration high birth rates and influx from the surrounding rural population accounted for much of this growth although immigration had slowed substantially by the 1880s if compared to the generation prior Rail lines came to the waterfront harbour area in the 1850s a planned "Esplanade" land-fill project to create a promenade along the harbour instead became a new right-of-way for the rail lines which extended to new wharves on the harbour Three railway companies built lines to Toronto: the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) the Great Western Railway and Northern Railway of Canada the GTR built the first Union Station in 1858 in the downtown area the advent of the railway dramatically increased the numbers of immigrants arriving and commerce as had the Lake Ontario steamers and schooners entering the port the railway lands would dominate the central waterfront for the next 100 years in 1873 GTR built a second Union Station at the same location Horse-drawn streetcars were first installed in the city in 1861 the system continued to expand into the present-day Toronto streetcar system New rail transportation networks were built in Toronto including an extensive streetcar network in the city (still operational) plus long-distance railways and radial lines One radial line ran mostly along Yonge Street for about 80 km to Lake Simcoe and allowed day trips to its beaches At the time Toronto's own beaches were far too polluted to use largely a side effect of dumping garbage directly in the lake Other radial lines connected to suburbs As the city grew it became bounded by the Humber River to the west and the Don River to the east Several smaller rivers and creeks in the downtown area were routed into culverts and sewers and the land filled in above them including both Garrison Creek and Taddle Creek the latter running through the University of Toronto Much of Castle Frank Brook became covered during this time At the time they were being used as open sewers and were becoming a serious health problem the re-configuration of the Don River mouth to make a ship channel and lakeshore reclamation project occurred in the 1880s again largely driven by sanitary concerns and establishing effective port commerce Toronto had two medical schools both independent: Trinity Medical School and the Toronto School of Medicine (TSM) During the 1880s the TSM added instructors expanded its curriculum and focused on clinical instruction Enrollments grew at both schools Critics found proprietary schools lacking especially for their failure to offer sufficient instruction in the basic sciences in 1887 the TSM became the medical faculty of the University of Toronto increasing its emphasis on research within the medical curriculum Trinity realized that its survival depended as well on close ties to basic science and in 1904 it also merged into the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Crystal Palace hosted the first Toronto Industrial Exhibition in 1879 the event later grew to become the Canadian National Exhibition Toronto modernized and professionalized its public services in the late 19th and early 20th centuries No service was changed more dramatically than the Toronto Police the introduction of emergency telephone call boxes linked to a central dispatcher plus bicycles motorcycles and automobiles shifted the patrolman's duties from passively walking the beat to fast reaction to reported incidents as well as handling automobile traffic. After the Great Fire of 1849 Toronto improved its fire code This was followed by an expansion of the fire services and the eventual formation of Toronto Fire Services in 1874 In 1879 the first Toronto Industrial Exhibition was held a provincial Agricultural Fair was held in Ontario on a rotating basis since the 1850s and after Toronto held the 1878 exhibition at King and Shaw streets it wanted to hold the fair again the request was turned down and the Industrial Exhibition was organized the City arranged a lease of the garrison commons and moved its Crystal Palace building to the site Eventually the garrison commons became taken over by the Exhibition and the annual exhibition continues today as the Canadian National Exhibition the grounds became Exhibition Place and hold sports venues exhibition venues trade and convention space used year-round Immigration. . . . The Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick: has jurisdiction over family law and major criminal and civil cases and is divided accordingly into two divisions: Family and Trial it also hears administrative tribunals The Probate Court of New Brunswick: has jurisdiction over estates of deceased persons The Provincial Court of New Brunswick: nearly all cases involving the criminal code start here The system consists of eight Judicial Districts loosely based on the counties the Chief Justice of New Brunswick serves at the apex of this court structure Administrative divisions. ! .
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