On January 13
1813
John Armstrong
Jr
Was Appointed United States Secretary Of War
Having Been
A Serving Soldier
He Quickly Appreciated
The Situation
On Lake Ontario
And Devised
A Plan
By Which
A Force Of 7,000 Regular Soldiers Would Be Concentrated
At Sackett's Harbor
On April 1
Working Together With Chauncey's Squadron
This Force Would Capture Kingston Before
The Saint Lawrence River Thawed
And Substantial British Reinforcements Could Arrive
In Upper Canada
The Capture Of Kingston And
The Destruction Of
The Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard Together With Most Of
The Vessels Of
The Provincial Marine
Would Make Almost Every British Post West Of Kingston Vulnerable If Not Untenable. After Kingston Was Captured
The Americans Would Then Capture
The British Positions
At York
And Fort George
At
The Mouth Of
The Niagara River
United States Secretary Of War John Armstrong
Jr
Originally Planned
For An Attack
On Kingston
But Later Acquiesced
To Changes That Made York
The Attack's Target
Armstrong Conferred With Major General Henry Dearborn
Commander Of
The American Army Of
The North
At Albany
New York During February
Both Dearborn
And Chauncey Agreed With Armstrong's Plan
At This Point
But They Subsequently Had Second Thoughts
That Month
Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost
The British Governor General Of Canada
Travelled Up
The Frozen Saint Lawrence
To Visit Upper Canada
This Visit Was Made Necessary Because Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe
Who Had Succeeded Brock
As Lieutenant Governor Of Upper Canada
Was Ill
And Unable
To Perform His Various Duties
Prevost Was Accompanied Only By
A Few Small Detachments Of Reinforcements
Which Participated
In
The Battle Of Ogdensburg En Route
Nevertheless
Both Chauncey
And Dearborn Believed That Prevost's Arrival Indicated An Imminent Attack
On Sackett's Harbor
And Reported That Kingston Now Had
A Garrison Of 6,000 Or More British Regulars
Even Though Prevost Soon Returned
To Lower Canada
And Deserters
And Pro-American Canadian Civilians Reported That
The True Size Of Kingston's Garrison Was 600 Regulars
And 1,400 Militia, Chauncey
And Dearborn Chose
To Accept
The Earlier Inflated Figure
Furthermore
Even After Two Brigades Of Troops Under Brigadier General Zebulon Pike Reinforced
The Troops
At Sackett's Harbor After
A Gruelling Winter March From Plattsburgh
The Number Of Effective Troops Available
To Dearborn Fell Far Short Of
The 7,000 Planned
Mainly As
A Result Of Sickness
And Exposure
During March
Chauncey
And Dearborn Recommended
To Armstrong That When
The Ice
On
The Lake Thawed
They Should Attack
The Less Well-defended Town Of York Instead Of Kingston
Although York Was
The Provincial Capital Of Upper Canada
It Was Far Less Important Than Kingston As
A Military Objective
Historians Such
As John R
Elting Have Pointed Out That This Change Of Plan Effectively Reversed Armstrong's Original Strategy
And
By Committing
The Bulk Of
The American Forces At
The Western End Of Lake Ontario
It Left Sackett's Harbor Vulnerable
To An Attack
By British Reinforcements Arriving From Lower Canada
Armstrong
By Now Back
In Washington
Nevertheless Acquiesced
In This Change Of Plan
As Dearborn Might Well Have Better Local Information. Armstrong Also Believed That An Easy Victory
At York Would Provide
The Government With
A Significant Propaganda Coup
As Well
As Bolster Support For
The Democratic-Republican Party For
The Gubernational Election
In New York
The Attack Was Originally Planned
To Commence
In Early April
Although
A Long Winter Delayed
The Attack
On York
By Several Weeks
Threatening
The Political Value Of Such An Attack
In An Attempt
To Overcome These Delays
Democratic-Republicans Supporters Circulated Proclamations Of Victory Prior
To
The Battle
To
The New York Electorate
The American Naval Squadron First Attempted
To Depart From Sackets Harbor
On April 23
1813
Although An Incoming Storm Forced
The Squadron Back
To Harbour
In Order
To Wait Out
The Storm
The Squadron Finally Departed
On April 24
1813
British Preparations
. Faculty of Engineering
and Architectural Science, Robert Fleming Gourlay, Toronto's Financial District from
the northeast
the district serves as
the centre
for Canada's financial services
Toronto
the capital of Ontario
is
the centre of Canada's financial services
and banking industry
Neighbouring cities
are home
to product distribution
it centres
and manufacturing industries
Canada's Federal Government
is
the largest single employer
in
the National Capital Region
which centres
on
the border cities of Ontario's Ottawa
and Quebec's Gatineau
The information technology sector
is important
particularly
in
the Silicon Valley North section of Ottawa
home
to Canada's largest technology park. IT
is also important
in
the Waterloo Region
where
the headquarters of BlackBerry
is located
Tourism contributes heavily
to
the economy of Central Ontario
peaking during
the summer months owing
to
the abundance of fresh water recreation
and wilderness found there
in reasonable proximity
to
the major urban centres
at other times of
the year
hunting
skiing
and snowmobiling
are popular
This region has some of
the most vibrant fall colour displays anywhere
on
the continent
and tours directed
at overseas visitors
are organized
to see them
Tourism also plays
a key role
in border cities with large casinos
among them Windsor
Cornwall
Sarnia
and Niagara Falls
the latter of which attracts millions of US
and other international visitors
Agriculture. Main articles: Egerton Ryerson
and Methodist Episcopal Church
Main article: Ryerson University Library. 2005
10 Noted alumni
the Centre
for Innovation
in Information Visualization
and Data-Driven Design (CIV-DDD)
led
by York University
and funded by
the Ontario Ministry of Research
and Innovation, is
a 5-year research initiative launched
in March 2010
to address "innovation
and training
in information
and scientific visualization
in Ontario"
and consists of
a team each from York University
OCAD University (directed
by Sara Diamond) and
the University of Toronto
14 industry partners
and
a number of international collaborators; and.
The Centre
for Innovation
in Information Visualization
and Data-Driven Design (CIV-DDD)
led
by York University
and funded by
the Ontario Ministry of Research
and Innovation, is
a 5-year research initiative launched
in March 2010
to address "innovation
and training
in information
and scientific visualization
in Ontario"
and consists of
a team each from York University
OCAD University (directed
by Sara Diamond) and
the University of Toronto
14 industry partners
and
a number of international collaborators; and. . . . . .
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