Progressive Conservatives Seats: 0 - - - - -. . . Wetlands on a lakeshore, 2013 18,131 1.1 Expansion Sandwich (now Windsor), First Nations fishing camps were established around the waterways of Toronto as early as 1,000 BCE by 500 CE up to 500 people lived along each of the three major rivers of Toronto (Don Humber and Rouge River). Early on First Nations communities had developed trails and water routes in the Toronto area These led from northern and western Canada to the Gulf of Mexico One trail known as the "Toronto Passage" followed the Humber River northward as an important overland shortcut between Lake Ontario and the upper Great Lakes A map of the region with Ganatsekwyagon and other areas highlighted along the Rouge Trail c 1673 Teiaiagon is shown west Ganatsekwyagon New crops including corn sunflowers and tobacco were introduced into the area from the south around 600 CE the introduction of these crops saw large societal shifts in the area; including a change in diet and the formation of semi-permanent villages in order to farm these crops. Inhabitants of these semi-permanent villages moved out during parts of the year to hunt fish and gather other goods to supplement their farming The earliest Iroquoian settlement in Toronto occurred around 900 CE. Iroquoian villages during this period were located on high fortified grounds with access to wetlands and waterways to facilitate hunting fishing trade and military operations. Iroquoian villages typically lasted a period of 10 to 20 years before its inhabitants relocated to a new site Several Huron villages dating back to the 1200s have been excavated in Toronto including a Huron ossuary in Scarborough From the 1300s to the 1500s the Iroquoian inhabitants of the area migrated north of Toronto joining the developing Huron confederacy. During this period the Huron confederacy used Toronto as a hinterland for hunting with the Toronto Passage continuing to see use as a north-south route Although Europeans did not visit Southern Ontario in the 16th century European goods had begun to make its way into the region as early as the late-1500s. During the 17th century nearly half of Southern Ontario's First Nations population was wiped out from as a result of the transmission of communicable diseases between Europeans and First Nations groups the population loss along with the desire to secure furs for trade saw the Iroquois Confederacy to the south defeat the Huron inhabitants of the area. Although some Huron refugees fled the area the majority were absorbed and eventually integrated into the Iroquois. After the Iroquois secured the Toronto area several Iroquois settlement of the north shore of Lake Ontario were established the Seneca (one of the five Iroquois nations) established two settlements in present day Toronto Teiaiagon near the Humber River and Ganatsekwyagon near the Rouge River the two communities provided the Iroquois control of the north-south passage in Toronto. Roman Catholic missionaries visited the two settlements in the 1660s and 1670s. However by 1687 the two settlements were abandoned by the Seneca In the 17th century the area was a crucial point for travel with the Humber and Rouge River providing a shortcut to the upper Great Lakes These routes were known as the Toronto Passage The Mississaugas arrived in the late 17th century driving out the occupying Iroquois and settling along the Lake Ontario shore including the Port Credit area Early European settlement.
Separate 9.4 Air travel Modernist apartment towers of St James Town based on Le Corbusier's "towers in the park" concept The postwar years also saw the rise of apartment style housing in the 1960s and 1970s this kind of housing was mostly focused on low to middle income residents Beginning in the 1950s the city bulldozed older lower income neighbourhoods replacing them with housing projects ultimately destroying large sections of Victorian housing the earliest and most notorious example of such projects was Regent Park it replaced a large portion of Cabbagetown with a series of low-rise and high-rise buildings that quickly became crime-ridden and even more depressed than the neighbourhood it replaced in later years similar projects such as Moss Park and Alexandra Park were less disastrous but also far from successful Canada's densest community St James Town was built in this era as a high-rise community of private and public housing in separate towers also replacing a Victorian neighbourhood These patterns changed dramatically beginning in the 1970s and gentrification began transforming once poor neighbourhoods such as Cabbagetown into some of the city's most popular and expensive real estate Outside of the core even new neighbourhoods experienced significant high-rise apartment building construction as builders embraced the "towers in the park" design invented by Le Corbusier the towers were built further from the sidewalk leaving room on the property around the edifice for parking lawns trees and other landscaping They are typically simple brick-clad high-rise buildings with rectangular footprints and little ornamentation other than repeating series of balconies for each apartment However some apartment buildings from this era utilize less conventional designs in the "tower in the park" format such as the Prince Arthur Towers Jane-Exbury Towers and 44 Walmer Road designed by Uno Prii In 1972 the Canadian tax code was radically altered making rental housing much less attractive to investors At the same time deindustrialization opened a number of new areas to residential development the new projects took the form of condominiums This form of housing was introduced in the province's Condominium Act in the 1960s but it was not until the 1980s that condos become very popular An initial condo boom started in 1986 but the market collapsed in the late 1980s and early 1990s recession and many investors were badly mauled In 1995 condo prices were still 30% below the earlier highs. That year a new boom began in Toronto that has continued to this day An unprecedented number of new projects have been built in Toronto in 2000 Condo Life magazine listed 152 separate projects underway within the city of Toronto by 2007 the number of projects in the GTA had reached 247 This development has been concentrated in the downtown core especially in the former industrial areas just outside the central business district the largest such project is CityPlace a cluster of condo towers on former railway lands by the lake shore This $2 billion project will eventually consist of 20 different towers housing some 12,000 people. Transit-oriented developments are also common in Toronto such as at North York Centre and Sheppard East along the namesake subway line and Sheppard West along the subway line's future westward extension Commercial architecture. . . ! ; Prior to the arrival of the Europeans the region was inhabited by Algonquian (Ojibwe Cree and Algonquin) in the northern/western portions and Iroquois and Wyandot (Huron) people more in the south/east. During the 17th century the Algonquians and Hurons fought the Beaver Wars against the Iroquois European contact. .
Brighton, Dental